Racial and gender-based disparities and trends in common psychiatric conditions in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations: A ten-year United States study

Table 1 Trends of psychiatric comorbidities in patients hospitalized with primary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in the national inpatient database from 2009 to 2019, n (%)

Variables	Years											P value
	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
GAD	139 (0.17)	97 (0.12)	158 (0.20)	295 (0.38)	225 (0.29)	275 (0.34)	270 (0.42)	245 (0.55)	285 (0.60)	360 (0.71)	480 (0.92)	P < 0.001
Depression	5652 (7)	5835 (8)	6828 (9)	7770 (10)	8599 (11)	9345 (12)	7395 (12)	4885 (11)	5710 (12)	6165 (12)	6264 (12)	P < 0.001
Bipolar disorder	1331(1.69)	1552 (2)	1689 (2)	1630 (2)	1730 (2)	1785 (2)	1575 (3)	1085 (2)	1065 (2)	1210 (2)	1390 (3)	P < 0.001
ADHD	48 (0.06)	78 (0.10)	151 (0.19)	165 (0.21)	130 (0.16)	235 (0.29)	210 (0.33)	75 (0.17)	85 (0.17)	110 (0.21)	130 (0.24)	P < 0.001
Schizophrenia	467 (0.59)	613 (0.79)	491 (0.64)	465 (0.60)	545 (0.70)	535 (0.66)	465 (0.74)	305 (0.69)	400 (0.84)	445 (0.87)	455 (0.87)	P < 0.001
Schizoaffective disorder	150 (0.19)	145 (0.18)	170 (0.22)	205 (0.26)	130 (0.16)	210 (0.26)	215 (0.34)	150 (0.34)	165 (0.34)	200 (0.39)	185 (0.35)	P < 0.001
PTSD	291 (0.36)	230 (0.30)	300 (0.39)	350 (0.45)	440 (0.56)	555 (0.68)	525 (0.83)	350 (0.79)	410 (0.86)	485 (0.95)	490 (0.93)	P < 0.001
Chronic Fatigue	19 (0.02)	28 (0.03)	18 (0.02)	20 (0.03)	25 (0.032)	25 (0.031)	5 (0.007)	40 (0.091)	5 (0.01)	20 (0.039)	45 (0.08)	P < 0.001
Suicidal Ideation	188 (0.23)	235 (0.33)	188 (0.24)	265 (0.34)	235 (0.30)	305 (0.37)	215 (0.34)	105 (0.23)	160 (0.33)	250 (0.48)	295 (0.56)	P < 0.001

GAD: Generalized anxiety disorder; PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder; ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.