Baseline hepatocyte ballooning is a risk factor for adverse events in patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 8 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence

Parameters	Univariate	P value	Multivariate	P value
	HR (95%CI)		HR (95%CI)
Clinical factors
Sex	40.03 (0.17-9369.3)	0.19
Age (yr)	1.06 (0.99-1.13)	0.054	0.29 (0.03-2.50)	0.26
BMI (kg/m2)	0.97 (0.78-1.21)	0.8
Diabetes	14.36 (4.01-51.47)	< 0.001	34.8 (2.27-534.1)	0.01
Hypertension	1.99 (0.25-15.71)	0.52
Antivirus duration (≥ 5 yr, never or < 5 yr)	1.32 (0.38-4.56)	0.66
Pathological factors
NAFLD (steatosis ≥ 5%)	4.29 (1.20-15.41)	0.025	2.28 (0.44-11.69)	0.33
NASH	4.36 (1.35-24.80)	0.002	0.53 (0.01-1.84)	0.39
Lobular inflammation	7.2 (2.16-23.91)	0.001	5.16 (0.53-49.96)	0.16
Portal tract inflammation	2.02 (0.98-4.15)	0.056	0.49 (0.31-1.85)	0.29
Ballooning degeneration	8.69 (1.57-29.64)	0.008	5.16 (0.83-19.96)	0.03
Fibrosis stage	14.25 (13.68-55.14)	< 0.001	8.37 (1.39-50.44)	0.02
Laboratory examination
TBil (µmol/L)	1.02 (0.97-1.09)	0.37
PB (mg/L)	0.998 (0.99-1.01)	0.64
LB (g/L)	0.97 (0.82-1.14)	0.69
ALT (> 40/≤ 40 U/L)	0.999 (0.99-1.01)	0.71
AST (U/L)	0.999 (0.98-1.01)	0.89
ALP (U/L)	1.01 (0.99-1.03)	0.42
GGT (U/L)	0.99 (0.96-1.02)	0.46
GLU (mmol/L)	1.45 (1.08-1.94)	0.01	0.64 (0.37-1.12)	0.12
TG (mmol/L)	0.18 (0.04-0.92)	0.04	0.085 (0.004-1.7)	0.11
TC (mmol/L)	0.36 (0.15-0.85)	0.02	0.39 (0.15-1.01)	0.053
HDL (mmol/L)	0.39 (0.04-3.67)	0.41
LDL (mmol/L)	0.47 (0.18-1.26)	0.13
PLT (× 109/L)	0.97 (0.96-0.99)	0.004	0.99 (0.97-1.01)	0.26
AFP (ng/mL)	0.99 (0.91-1.07)	0.77
HBeAg (-) (%)	1.43 (0.40-5.08)	0.58
HBV DNA (≥ 4 log IU/mL)	1.49 (0.39-5.77)	0.56

BMI: Body mass index; TBil: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; PB: Prealbumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GLU: Fasting blood glucose; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; PLT: Platelet; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen.