Baseline hepatocyte ballooning is a risk factor for adverse events in patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 3 Comparison of baseline characteristics of chronic hepatitis B patients (without cirrhosis) with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, n (%)

Parameters	P values before PSM	PSM		P value
		NAFLD	No NAFLD
		(n = 109)	(n = 109)
Age (yr)	0.58			0.63
< 40		52 (47.7)	47 (43.1)
40-60		51 (46.8)	58 (53.2)
≥ 60		6 (5.5)	4 (3.7)
Sex female	< 0.05	29 (26.6)	37 (33.9)	0.24
BMI (kg/m2)	< 0.05			< 0.05
< 23		21 (19.3)	58 (53.2)
23-25		35 (32.1)	30 (27.5)
≥ 25		53 (48.6)	21 (19.3)
Diabetes	< 0.05	4 (3.7)	4 (3.7)	1
Hypertension	0.07	12 (11)	6 (5.5)	0.14
Duration of follow-up (mo)	< 0.05	71 (28-119.5)	52 (25-111)	0.3
Antiviral drugs	0.59			0.3
Entecavir		49 (61.3)	56 (71.8)
Tenofovir		26 (32.5)	19 (24.4)
Other		5 (6.3)	3 (3.8)
Antiviral duration	0.48			0.46
Never		29 (26.6)	31 (28.4)
< 5 yr		50 (45.9)	54 (49.5)
≥ 5 yr		30 (27.5)	24 (22)
HBV DNA (IU/mL)	< 0.05			0.06
< 500 IU/mL		18 (19.3)	24 (22)
< 4 log10		13 (32.1)	21 (19.3)
≥ 4 log10		78 (48.6)	64 (58.7)
HBeAg (-)	0.12	65 (59.6)	75 (68.8)	0.16
TBil (µmol/L)	0.94	15.73 ± 7.17	14.25 ± 5.73	0.09
ALB (g/L)	0.21	44.15 ± 3.32	44.29 ± 3.78	0.78
PB (mg/L)	0.28	243.24 ± 65.74	225.67 ± 62.19	< 0.05
ALT (U/L)	< 0.05			0.89
≤ 40		43 (19.3)	44 (40.4)
> 40		66 (32.1)	65 (59.6)
AST (U/L)	0.16	36 (27.5-49.5)	37 (26.5-50)	0.95
ALP (U/L)	0.1	85.55 ± 26.37	82.82 ± 22.08	0.41
GGT (U/L)	0.12	37.44 ± 25.34	34.76 ± 33.13	0.5
GLU (mmol/L)	0.06	5.25 ± 0.68	5.41 ± 0.89	0.15
TC (mmol/L)	< 0.05	4.37 ± 0.88	4.22 ± 0.64	0.16
TG (mmol/L)	< 0.05	1.47 ± 0.75	1.22 ± 0.51	< 0.05
LDL (mmol/L)	< 0.05	2.77 ± 0.65	2.62 ± 0.61	0.09
HDL (mmol/L)	0.38	1.31 ± 0.36	1.32 ± 0.3	0.82
PLT (× 109/L)	0.12	174.29 ± 51.81	162.83 ± 47.49	0.09
AFP (ng/mL)	0.29	3.1 (2.1-5.3)	2.9 (2.1-5.5)	0.74
NASH		15 (13.7)

PSM: Propensity score matching; BMI: Body mass index; TBil: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; PB: Prealbumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GLU: Fasting blood glucose; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; PLT: Platelet; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen.