Evaluation of a protocol for rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy

Table 3 Clinical, safety, and cost outcomes

Outcome	Control (n = 32)	Protocol (n = 32)	P value
Primary outcome
Days alive and free of delirium and coma to day 14	3 (0, 8)	2 (0, 9.5)	0.93
Secondary outcomes
Days alive and free of delirium	3 (0, 8.5)	2 (0, 9)	0.85
Days alive and free of coma (RASS)	6 (3.5, 12)	8 (4, 11)	0.81
Days alive and free of coma (GCS)	8 (5.5, 13)	7.5 (5.5, 9)	0.21
Glasgow Coma Score 48-h change	0 (-3, 1.5)	0 (-1, 0.5)	0.43
ICU mortality (%)	13 (40.6)	15 (46.9)	0.61
ICU length of stay	10 (4.5, 20.5)	11 (7, 17)	0.73
Time to first extubation from day 1 of intubation	6 (4, 14) (n = 23)	5 (4, 9) (n = 26)	0.49
Rate of reintubation (%)	4 (17.4)	3 (11.5)	0.56
IVVP requirement 48-h change, NE mcg/kg/min equivalents	0 (0, 0.12)	0 (0, 0.01)	0.45
Days of MICU combination therapy	6 (3, 9.5)	1 (0, 1)	< 0.01
Protocol adherence	-	91.4%	-
Time to rifaximin discontinuation, days	-	1 (0, 1)	-
Cost of rifaximin therapy per patient to day 14, USD
Minimum	379.20 (189.60, 600.40)	63.20 (0, 63.20)	< 0.01
Maximum	758.40 (379.20, 1200.80)	126.40 (0, 126.40)	< 0.01

GCS: Glasgow Coma Score; ICU: Intensive care unit; IVVP: Intravenous vasopressor; MICU: Medical intensive care unit; NE: Norepinephrine; RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; USD: United States dollar.