Function of macrophage-derived exosomes in chronic liver disease: From pathogenesis to treatment

Table 1 Association of the macrophage-derived exosomes with hepatocellular carcinoma

Ref.	Macrophage cell type/phenotype	HCC cell lines/model/tissue	Exosome contents	Findings
Liu et al[82], 2020	THP-1/M2	Human HCC cell lines: SK-HEP-1 and HepG2 cell; mouse HCC cell lines: Hepa 1-6	MiR-92a-2-5p	Promote HCC invasion via altering the AR/PHLPP/p-AKT/β-catenin signaling
Li et al[83], 2021	THP-1/M2	Human HCC cell lines: SMMC-7721	MiR-15b	Promotes the progression of HCC by blocking the LATS1-mediated Hippo pathway
Li et al[85], 2021	THP-1/M2	Human HCC cell lines: Huh7, 97H, HepG2, LM3 and SMMC-7721	MiR-27a-3p	Promote cancer stemness of HCC via the miR-27a-3p/TXNIP pathways
Tian et al[86], 2021	THP-1/M2	Human HCC cell lines: HepG2 and Bel-7402; human HCC tumor tissues	MiR-660-5p	Promote the development of HCC by regulating KLF3
Bai et al[88], 2020	THP-1/M1	Human HCC cell line BEL-7404, HepG2, SMMC-7721 and QGY-7703; Xenograft nude mouse model	MiR-326	Suppresses HCC progression via NF-κB signaling pathway
Pu J et al[89], 2021	C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages/M2	Murine model of primary HCC (C57BL/6)	MiR-21-5p	Facilitate CD8+T cell exhaustion in HCC via the miR-21-5p/YOD1/YAP/β-catenin pathway
Wang et al[90], 2019	TAMs/M1	Human HCC cell lines: Huh7, HepG2 and BEL-7404; human HCC tumor tissues	MiR-125a/b	Suppressed HCC cell proliferation and stem cell properties by targeting CD90
Zhang et al[92], 2022	THP-1/M2	Human HCC cell lines: SMMC-7721and HepG2; Xenograft nude mouse model (BALB/C)	hsa_circ_0004658	Inhibits HCC progression via miR-499b-5p/JAM3

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; M1: M1 macrophage; M2: M2 macrophage; TAMs: Tumour-associated macrophages; miRNA: MicroRNA; AR: Androgen receptor; LATS1: Suppressor kinase 1; TXNIP: Thioredoxin-interacting protein.