Exercise training as an intervention for frailty in cirrhotic patients on the liver transplant waiting list: A systematic review

Table 1 Exercise prescription for cirrhotic patients on the waiting list for liver transplant

Ref.	Frequency	Intensity	Type	Time	Supervised?	In-person?
Al-Judaibi et al[30], 2019	In-person group: 1 to 5 times/wk. Remote group: 2 to 3 times/wk	-	In-person group: Aerobic and resistance training	-	Yes, remote group was supervised by videoconference	Yes
Lin et al[31], 2021	30 min a day, 5 times/wk	Frail and pre-frail: Aerobic: Encouraged to walk; purchasing a stationary bicycle or a pedal boat was suggested if the patient was at risk for walking. Resistance: Initial prescription at the time of evaluation with the physiotherapist. Weights or elastic bands can be used. Initially, 1 series of 10 repetitions, increase by 5 to 10 repetitions until reaching 30. Only then progress the load	Aerobic and resistance training	150 min of exercise per week	No	No, only if complications prevented the performance of the unsupervised exercise
Williams et al[32], 2019	Resistance: 20 min 2 times/wk. Aerobic: 10 min of brisk walking 3 times/d	Resisted: BORG between 12 and 14. Three levels: Low, moderate, and high. Aerobic: Increasing the number of steps	Aerobic and resistance training	Total of 12 wk, with reassessment at 6 and 12 wk and telephone contact 1 time/wk until 6 wk	No	No
Chen et al[33], 2020	Daily	Increase of 500 steps/d at each evaluation	Walking	Total: 8 wk, with a baseline assessment and every 2 wk	No	No
Lin et al[34], 2022	-	The group that used the app: The app’s algorithm established the intensity after an initial assessment by a professional	-	Baseline assessment and 4 wk after	No	No

The data were extracted and reported based on the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type recommendation (exercise frequency, intensity, time, and type of activity) and whether the program was supervised, in-person or remote.