Progress on traditional Chinese medicine in improving hepatic fibrosis through inhibiting oxidative stress

Table 2 Glycosides improve hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress

No.	Glycosides	Model	Upregulated molecules	Downregulated molecules	Mechanism	Ref.
1	Wogonoside	Rat	SOD, GSH, IL-10	HA, LN, HYP, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, MMP-2/9, Smad-3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB p65, PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, α-SMA, Col-I	Inhibition of OS can improve hepatic fibrosis	Wang et al[126]
2	Hyperoside	Mice	SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GSH, Nrf2	GOT, GPT, MDA, TGF-β, Col-I/III	Activating Nrf2 nuclear translocation, inhibiting OS to increase antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzyme activity can improve hepatic fibrosis	Zou et al[127]
3	Forsythiaside A	Mice	SOD, GSH, CAT, GSH-Px, p450 7a1, FXR, SHP, LRH-1, BSEP, NTCP, OATP-1	HA, LN, PC-III, Col-I/IV, HYP, α-SMA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LCA, DCA, HDCA, β-MCA, alloLCA, NorDCA, NorCA, CA, FGF-R4, MRP-2	Inhibiting OS and inflammation, regulating gut microbiota and BA metabolism can improve hepatic fibrosis	Fu et al[128]

α-SMA: Alpha-smooth-muscle actin; OS: Oxidative stress; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GSH: Glutathione; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; IL: Interleukin; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor.