Alcohol intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing primary biliary cholangitis

Table 1 Cohort characteristics of cases and controls

	Controls (n = 200)	Cases (n = 200)	Test for difference
Age, yr [mean (SD; range)]	61.5 (11.6; 29.1-95.1)	63.6 (11.6; 28.1-94.3)	P = 0.073
Sex
Male	18 (9.0)	17 (8.5)
Female	182 (91.0)	183 (91.5)	P = 0.86
Country of birth
Australia	157 (78.5)	122 (61.0)
Overseas	43 (21.5)	78 (39.0)	P < 0.001
Self-reported ethnicity
Caucasian	180 (90.0)	175 (87.5)
Asian	11 (5.5)	14 (7.0)
Other	3 (1.5)	4 (2.0)
Mixed race	1 (0.5)	0 (0)
Unspecified	5 (2.5)	7 (3.5)	P = 0.75
Education completed
Up to some secondary	3 (1.5)	18 (9.0)
Yr 10/11	33 (16.5)	56 (28.0)
Yr 12	21 (10.5)	26 (13.0)
TAFE/Trade	32 (16.0)	43 (21.5)
University	111 (55.5)	57 (28.5)	P < 0.001
Family history of PBC?
No	200 (100.0)	194 (97.0)
Yes	0 (0)	6 (3.0)
BMI (kg/m2) mean	26.8	27.1	P = 0.49

Results presented as n (%) unless otherwise specified. Differences in categorical terms between cases and controls assessed by Chi-square test. Differences in continuous terms between cases and controls assessed by t-test. Results in boldface denote statistical significance. Results in italics are P values. BMI: Body mass index; PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; TAFE: Technical and Further Education.