Simple diagnostic algorithm identifying at-risk nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients needing specialty referral within the United States

Table 1 Demographics and summary statistics of overall study population

	Study population	High risk patients	P value1
	N = 3669	N = 75
Age (yr) — mean (95%CI)	47.3 (45.7-48.9)	57.6 (54.6-60.6)	0.005
Male — % (95%CI)	49.6 (46.8-52.5)	71.6 (51.9-85.5)	0.005
BMI (kg/m2) — mean (95%CI)	29.6 (28.9-30.3)	33.1 (30.5-35.7)	0.003
Race/Ethnicity — % (95%CI)
Non-Hispanic White	63.6 (58.3-68.6)	45.4 (29.6-62.2)	< 0.001
Non-Hispanic Black	10.8 (7.9-14.6)	10.7 (4.1-25.4)
Hispanic	16.6 (12.8-21.1)	29.2 (17.3-44.9)
Non-Hispanic Asian	4.4 (3.1-6.4)	4.2 (1.6-10.7)
Other	4.7 (3.5-6.2)	10.4 (2.4-35.8)
Comorbidities — % (95%CI)
T2DM	14.1 (12.4-15.9)	55.7 (39.2-71.0)	0.001
Hypertension	45.2 (42.0-48.5)	86.5 (75.4-93.1)	0.001
Lab values — mean (95%CI)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.47 (0.46-0.49)	0.60 (0.50-0.70)	0.89
AST (IU/L)	21.34 (20.87-21.82)	52.63 (44.03-61.24)	< 0.001
ALT (IU/L)	22.55 (21.77-23.32)	54.88 (46.57-63.18)	< 0.001
GGT (IU/L)	28.05 (26.78-29.32)	92.98 (46.70-139.26)	0.02
Albumin (g/dL)	4.11 (4.07-4.14)	4.10 (4.02-4.18)	0.50
Alkaline (IU/L)	76.04 (74.33-77.76)	89.72 (66.07-113.36)	0.46
LSM (kPa)	5.65 (5.43-5.86)	11.83 (7.99-15.67)	0.002
CAP (dB/m)	261.59 (257.55-265.62)	324.59 (310.78-338.40)	< 0.001

¹P value compares at-risk group (N = 75) vs low-risk group (N = 161). AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAP: Controlled attenuated parameter; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; LSM: Liver stiffness measure.