Survival outcomes and predictors of mortality, re-bleeding and complications for acute severe variceal bleeding requiring balloon tamponade

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with cirrhosis requiring balloon tamponade for acute severe variceal bleeding comparing death and survival at 6 wk

Variable (n = 75)	Survived (n = 40)	Death (n = 35)	P value
Male sex	30 (75.0)	28 (80.0)	0.783
Age in years	58 (48, 65)	54 (49, 65)	0.629
Cirrhosis aetiology: Alcoholic liver disease, Chronic viral hepatitis, NASH	26 (65.0), 16 (40.0), 6 (15.0)	28 (80.0), 14 (40.0), 1 (2.9)	0.199, 1.00, 0.113
Child-Pugh score	8 (7, 10)	11 (8, 12)	0.004
MELD score	14 (11, 18)	19 (16, 24)	< 0.001
AIMS65 score	2 (1, 2.5)	3 (2, 3)	0.004
Glasgow-Blatchford score	12 (9, 14)	12 (9, 15)	0.908
Complete Rockall score	8 (7, 8)	8 (7, 8)	0.159
HCC	2 (5.0)	9 (25.7)	0.019
Portal vein thrombosis	6 (15.0)	4 (11.4)	0.742
Antiplatelets or anticoagulants	7 (17.5)	2 (5.7)	0.162
Glasgow Coma Scale	15 (14, 15)	15 (14, 15)	0.503
Systolic blood pressure	101 (91, 123)	96 (76, 124)	0.328
Heart rate	95 (82, 114)	104 (91, 118)	0.304
Significant hypoxia (FiO2 > 35%)	10 (25.0)	13 (37.1)	0.319
Haemoglobin g/L	86 (74, 103)	78 (63, 111)	0.538
Platelets × 109/L	96 (72, 123)	110 (75, 150)	0.204
Albumin g/L	26 (22, 28)	22 (19, 28)	0.034
INR	1.5 (1.3, 1.7)	1.9 (1.5, 2.3)	< 0.001
Bilirubin μmol/L	29 (14, 54)	51 (29, 119)	0.003
Serum sodium mmol/L	139 (135, 141)	135 (129, 140)	0.025
Serum creatinine μmol/L	74 (62, 92)	95 (73, 124)	0.014
Serum pH	7.36 (7.26, 7.44)	7.30 (7.10, 7.41)	0.072
Lactate mmol/L	3.10 (1.65, 5.35)	5.20 (2.65, 9.80)	0.007

Categorical variables presented as number, (percentage) and continuous variables as median, (interquartile range). NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; FiO2: Fraction of inspired oxygen; INR: International normalised ratio.