Small extracellular vesicles and liver diseases: From diagnosis to therapy

Table 2 Small extracellular vesicles markers in relation to liver pathogenesis

Pathophysiology	Types of molecules	Markers	Refs.
NASH inflammation and fibrosis	miRNA	miR-122, -192	[75]
NASH fibrosis	miRNA	miR-122	[76]
ALD outcome	protein	ASGR2 and CYP2E1	[58]
HBV fibrosis	miRNA	miR-150, -192, -200b, -91a	[77]
HCV treatment response	miRNA	miR-122, -199a, miR-122, miR-122-5p, -222-3p, -146-5p, -150-5p, -30c-5p, -378a-3p, -20a-5p	[53,78,79]
HCV fibrosis	protein	CD81	[80]
	miRNA	Let-7s, miR-122, -150, -192, 200b, 92a, miR-19a	[77,81]
HCC recurrence	protein	SMAD3, CASC9	[16,82]
	RNA	miR-718, miR-125, miR-21, miR-103, miR1247-3p, miR-92b, miR-21 and lncRNA-ATB, miR-21, -10b, miR-215-5p, miR-155, mRNA RAB11A, miR-211-3p, -6826-3p, -1236-3p, 4448	[25,26,36,42,83–90]
HCC survival	RNA	miR-125, miR-21, miR-103, miR-22a-3p, miR-335, miR-25-5p, miR-320a-PBX3, miR-718, miR-210, miR-122, miR-93, miR-21, -96, -122, miR-1247-3p, miR-638, miR-665, miR-21 and lncRNA-ATB, miR-30d, -140, miR-106a, miR-224, miR-320d, long non-coding RNA (ENSG00000258332.1 and LINC00635), hnRNPH1, circPTGR1, circRNA-100, -338, circ DB	[18,23,31,32,34,36,38,41,43,82–86,88,91–99]

NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; RNA: Ribonucleic acid; ASGR: Asialoglycoprotein receptor; CYP: Cytochrome P450; CD: Cluster of differentiation; SMAD: Suppressor of Mothers against Decapentaplegic; CASC: Cancer Susceptibility; PBX: Pre-B cell leukemia homeobox; lnc: long non-coding; ATB: Activated By TGF-Beta; ENSG: Ensembl Gene ID; LINC: Long intergenic noncoding; RNPH: Ribonucleoprotein H; PTGR: Prostaglandin Reductase; DB: Deubiquitination.