Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism

Table 1 Characteristics of diabetes in patients with cirrhosis that favour a diagnosis of hepatogenous diabetes over type-2 diabetes mellitus

Following characteristics favour a diagnosis of HD
Occurrence after the onset of liver cirrhosis
Low prevalence of metabolic risk factors1 or a family history of DM
Normal fasting glycemia but abnormal oral glucose tolerance test
Low prevalence of microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy
Associated with higher levels of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of hypoglycemia due to high glycemic variability
Higher association with the severity of liver cirrhosis and liver related complications
Remission after a liver transplantation

¹Obesity, hyperlipidemia.

HD: Hepatogenous diabetes; T2DM: Type-2 diabetes mellitus.