Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Spontaneous bacterial empyema diagnostic criteria

Ref.	Xiol et al[8], 1996	Chen et al[21], 2003	Chen et al[7], 2011	Makhlouf et al[5], 2013	Mansour et al[22], 2013	Emam et al[24], 2015	Abbasi et al[6], 2016	Mohamed et al[23], 2017
Year, country, study type	Spain, Prospective	Taiwan, Prospective	Taiwan, Retrospective	Egypt, Prospective	Egypt, Prospective	Egypt, Prospective	Pakistan, Prospective	Egypt, Prospective
SBE-diagnostic criteria	Positive PF culture and a PMN cell count > 250 cells/mm3 or negative PF culture, compatible clinical course, and a PF PMN > 500 cells/mm3; Exclusion of parapneumonic infections: no image of pneumonia on CXR or CT and evidence of pleural effusion before the infectious episode or PF transudate characteristics during infection	Positive PF culture and a PMN cell count > 250 cells/mm3 or PMN cell count > 500 cells/mm3; no pneumonia on CXR or CT; PF transudate characteristics during infection or evidence of pleural effusion before the infected episode	Positive PF culture and a PMN cell count > 250 cells/mm3 or, negative PF culture, PMN cell count > 500 cells/mm3; no evidence of pneumonia on CXR or CT and evidence of pleural effusion before the infectious episode or PF transudate characteristics during infection	Positive PF culture and a PMN count of 250 cells/mm3 or, if a negative culture, a PF PMN count of > 500 cells/mm3 and the absence of pneumonia or a contiguous infection process on CXR	Positive PF culture or, if negative, a PF PMN count > 500 cells/µL without radiographic evidence of pneumonia	Positive PF culture or, if negative, a PF PMN count > 500 cells/mm3 without radiographic evidence of pneumonia or a contiguous infection process on CXR	PF with PMN cell count > 500 cells/mm or positive culture with PMN cell count > 250 cells/mm3 with exclusion of a parapneumonic effusion	Positive PF culture and PMN count > 250 cells/mm3 or negative PF culture and PMN count > 500 cells/mm3; no evidence of pneumonia/parapneumonic effusion was observed on CXR or CT

SBE: Spontaneous bacterial empyema; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; PF: Pleural fluid; PMN: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte; CXR: Chest x ray; CT: Computerized tomography.