Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease from childhood to adulthood: State of art and future directions

Table 3 Metabolic syndrome criteria in adults and children

	Abdominal obesity	Hypertension	Dyslipidemia	Fasting glucose
IDF central obesity + 2 of 4 criteria in adult patients and children aged >10 yr[87-89]	10–15 yr old waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90th percentile for age and sex	Systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg	TG ≥ 150 mg/dL or specific treatment HDL < 40 mg/dL (male), HDL < 50 mg/dL (female)	≥ 100 mg/dL or diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
	>15 yr old WC ≥ 94 cm (male) b WC ≥ 80 cm (female)
Panel: IDEFICS definition of metabolic syndrome in children aged 2–11 yr[90]1	10–15 yr old WC ≥ 90th percentile for age and sex	Blood pressure: systolic ≥ 90th percentile or diastolic ≥ 90th percentile	TG: ≥ 90th percentile or HDL cholesterol: ≤ 10th percentile	Insulin ≥ 90th percentile or fasting glucose ≥ 90th percentile
	> 15 yr old adults criteria

¹Children would require close monitoring if three or more of these risk factors exceed the 90^th percentile (or ≤ 10^th percentile for HDL cholesterol), and an intervention if three or more of these risk factors exceed the 95^th percentile (or ≤ 5^th percentile for HDL cholesterol).

BP: Blood pressure; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; IDEFICS: Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants; IDF: International diabetes federation; TG: Triglycerides; WC: Waist circumference.