Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease from childhood to adulthood: State of art and future directions

Table 1 Comparison between metabolic associated fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnostic criteria

MAFLD criteria[1]	NAFLD criteria[62]
Histological (biopsy), imaging or blood biomarker evidence of hepatic steatosis and the presence of one of these criteria:	Presence of steatosis in > 5% of hepatocytes detected by biopsy
(1) Overweight/obesity	-The proton density fat fraction (providing a rough estimation of the volume fraction of fatty material in the liver) > 5.6% assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(2) Diabetes mellitus
(3) Evidence of metabolic dysregulation defined as the presence of ≥ 2 of the following conditions:
(a) Waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in Caucasian men and 88 cm in women (or ≥ 90/80 cm in Asian men and women);
(b) Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or specific drug treatment; (c) triglyceride ≥ 1.70 mmol/L or specific drug treatment;
(d) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/L for men and < 1.3 mmol/L for women;
(e) Prediabetes (i.e., fasting glucose levels 5.6–6.9 mmol/L, or 2-h postload glucose levels 7.8–11.0 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c 5.7%–6.4%;
(f) Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance score ≥ 2.5;
and (g) High sensitive C-reactive protein > 2 mg/L
	-Quantitative fat/water selective magnetic resonance imaging
	Exclusion of both secondary causes and a daily alcohol consumption ≥ 30 g for men and 20 g for women

MAFLD: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.