Saving time and effort: Best practice for adapting existing patient-reported outcome measures in hepatology

Table 5 Scenarios in which different degrees of cross-cultural adaptation are required[25]

	Results in a change in			Adaptation required
	Culture	Language	Country of use	Translation	Cultural adaptation
Use in same population. No change in culture, language or country	-	-	-	-	-
Use in established immigrants in source country	Yes	--	-	-	Yes
Use in another country, but same language	Yes	-	-	-	Yes
Use in new immigrants, not source language speaking but in the source country	Yes	Yes	-	Yes	Yes
Use in another country and another language	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes