Emerging curative-intent minimally-invasive therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Outcomes for curative-intent therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria

Modality	Overall survival at 5 yr (%)	Local tumor progression at 2 yr (%)	Local tumor progression at 5 yr (%)	Disease-free survival at 5 yr (%)
Transplant	≥ 70[21]	NDA	Cumulative recurrence < 15[22]	> 70[23]
Resection	60-80[24-26]	NDA	Resection margin recurrence 1-7[27-29]	38-54[26,27,30]
Ablation ≤ 3 cm	44-69[13,25,31]	2-16[28,29,32]	9.7-22[13,33,34]	14-46[25,27]
TARE ≤ 3 cm	75[35]	2.4-6.1[36,37]	NDA	NDA
Ablation ≤ 5 cm	49-72[27,38,39]	6-9[40,41]	3-14[12,31,40]	50-59[27,40]
TARE ≤ 5 cm	57[35]	6.1-10[37,42]	28 for ≤ 5 cm[35]	NDA

While ablation is recommended for lesions < 3 cm, data for lesions up to 5cm is also included. Ablation studies included patients who were not surgical candidates. Data is derived from studies that included solitary and multiple lesions. Resection outcomes are limited to patients with Child-Pugh A liver function, while all other modalities include patients with Child-Pugh A and B. Data for transarterial radio-embolization should be considered preliminary. Included papers were published within the last ten years. NDA: No data available; TARE: Transarterial radio-embolization.