Dietary phytochemical consumption is inversely associated with liver alkaline phosphatase in Middle Eastern adults

Table 2 Biochemical parameters of study participants by quartiles score of dietary phytochemical index

	Q4 (N = 1278)	Q3 (N = 1278)	Q2 (N = 1278)	Q1 (N = 1277)	P value1,2
ALT (U/L)	22.6 ± 15.4	22.3 ± 17.1	23.2 ± 17.3	21.9 ± 16.7	0.225
AST (U/L)	19.0 ± 7.4	19.0 ± 10.32	19.4 ± 8.5	19.1 ± 7.5	0.562
GGT (U/L)	27.9 ± 22.8	26.5 ± 23.5	27.2 ± 23.0	26.2 ± 27.7	0.338
ALP (U/L)	176.8 ± 52.7	180.5 ± 50.3	181.0 ± 49.7	185.7 ± 59.3	< 0.01
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	195.4 ± 39.0	191.9 ± 40.6	189.5 ± 38.8	189.9 ± 59.8	< 0.01
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	162.4 ± 96.4	155.0 ± 100.8	157.5 ± 99.8	152.5 ± 96.2	0.075
HDL-C (mg/dL)	53.6 ± 12.3	54.0 ± 12.1	52.9 ± 12.0	53.8 ± 12.4	0.116
LDL-C (mg/dL)	111.4 ± 31.2	107.9 ± 31.2	106.4 ± 30.9	106.7 ± 55.1	< 0.01
FBS (mg/dL)	97.6 ± 32.7	95.5 ± 20.0	94.4 ± 15.9	96.0 ± 21.8	< 0.01
BUN (mg/dL)	27.3 ± 7.6	27.0 ± 7.3	26.9 ± 7.1	27.4 ± 7.0	0.241
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	0.135

¹Values are means ± SDs.

²Obtained from one way Anova.

DPI: Dietary phytochemical index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; FBS: Fast blood sugar; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.