Review on hepatitis B virus precore/core promoter mutations and their correlation with genotypes and liver disease severity

Table 2 Prevalent basal core promoter mutations and their clinical importance

Nucleotide position	Clinical applicability
A1762T + G1764A (BCP double mutant)	Chronic hepatitis; FH; decline in HBeAg formation and enhanced virus replication; high ALT; found in patients with HBV genotypes who have 1858C (i.e., genotype C)
A1762T	HBeAg seroconversion; histological inflammation
A1764A	Marginally decline in replication ability of the virus
1653T	Jointly with 1762T + 1764A in FH and HCC patients
1753-1757	Jointly with the 1762T + 1764A mutation in FH and HCC patients; ALT level changes and histological changes
1764A/T + 1766A/G	Jointly with 1810T + 1811T double mutation in active and inactive disease; 1762A1766A mutation, jointly with 1762T mutation, was observed in FH and HCC patients; 1764T + 1766G mutation was observed in a patient with recurrent FH after liver transplantation, although was not observed in FH patients
1766T + 1768A	FH; along with A1762T + G1764A, in recurrent hepatitis patients following liver transplantation; jointly with G1764A in HBeAg-negative asymptomatic carrier; exacerbation of HBV infection

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BCP: Basal core promoter; FH: Fulminant hepatitis; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.