Noninvasive diagnosis of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni: A comprehensive review

Table 4 Image pattern classification of periportal fibrosis according to the World Health Organization[37]

IP	Description
A	Normal
B	Diffuse echogenic foci (“starry sky”), minimal wall thickening of portal and segmental branches
C	Ring echoes around vessels in cross-section; pipe-stems parallel with portal vessels
D	Echogenic ruff around portal bifurcation and main stem; main portal vessel wall thickening
E	Hyper-echogenic patches expanding into parenchyma
F	Echogenic bands and streaks extending from main portal vein and its bifurcatin to liver surface; may retract the surface of the organ
X	Cirrhosis
Y	Fatty liver
Z	Other hepato-biliary diseases

IP: Image pattern.