Fertaric acid amends bisphenol A-induced toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testis

Figure 3 Pathological changes of the testis after treatment. A: Control group; B: Paraffin oil-treated group; C: Fertaric acid (FA)-treated group; D: Bisphenol A (BPA)-treated group; E: FA+BPA-treated group. It is clear from these figures that control, paraffin oil-, and FA-treated rats revealed well-layered seminiferous tubules with germ cells (A-C). In BPA-treated rats, testis tissue showed disrupted basement membrane and tubular epithelium (D). FA + BPA-treated rats (E) exhibited normal seminiferous tubules with germ cells.