Interrelationship between physical activity and depression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 2 Demographic, lifestyle and general health comorbidities of participants according to the presence of depression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

	Individuals with NAFLD			Individuals without NAFLD
	No depression (n = 207)	Depression (n = 28)	P value	No depression (n = 327)	Depression (n = 27)	P value
Age, mean ± SD	59.91 ± 6.34	60.15 ± 6.00	0.9433	60.02 ± 7.32	59.61 ± 8.44	0.9813
Male, %	115 (55.56%)	8 (28.57%)	0.0073	125 (38.23%)	6 (22.22%)	0.0978
White, %	197 (95.17%)	27 (96.43%)	0.7671	316 (96.64%)	24 (88.89%)	0.0471
Smoking status, %
Current	19 (9.18%)	4 (14.29%)	0.3934	41 (12.58%)	6 (22.22%)	0.1563
Former	86 (41.55%)	12 (42.86%)	0.8949	133 (40.80%)	8 (29.63%)	0.2549
Non-smoker	102 (49.28%)	12 (42.86%)	0.5236	152 (46.63%)	13 (48.15%)	0.8789
Regular exercise, %
Physically inactive	69 (33.33%)	17 (60.71%)	0.0048	75 (22.94%)	10 (37.04%)	0.0992
Moderate physical activity	86 (41.55%)	5 (17.86%)	0.0157	129 (39.45%)	10 (37.04%)	0.8051
Ideal physical activity	52 (25.12%)	6 (21.43%)	0.6706	123 (37.61%)	7 (25.93%)	0.2259
Obesity, % BMI
Lean	13 (6.28%)	2 (7.14%)	0.8609	232 (70.95%)	23 (85.19%)	0.1132
Overweight	118 (57.00%)	17 (60.71%)	0.7094	95 (29.05%)	4 (14.81%)	0.1132
Obese	76 (36.71%)	9 (32.14%)	0.6365	0 (0.00%)	0 (0.00%)	-------
History of CVD, %	14 (6.76%)	3 (10.71%)	0.4488	21 (6.42%)	2 (7.41%)	0.8417
History of arthritis, %	21 (10.14%)	8 (28.57%)	0.0054	37 (11.31%)	2 (7.41%)	0.5331
History of any cancer, %	46 (22.22%)	3 (10.71%)	0.1595	47 (14.37%)	1 (3.70%)	0.1196
Insulin resistance, %	97 (46.86%)	12 (42.86%)	0.6902	47 (14.37%)	1 (3.70%)	0.1196
Hypertension, %	44 (21.26%)	7 (25.00%)	0.6519	61 (18.65%)	5 (18.52%)	0.9861
Hyperlipidemia, %	177 (85.51%)	24 (85.71%)	0.9767	226 (69.11%)	19 (70.37%)	0.8918
Diabetes, %	50 (24.15%)	5 (17.86%)	0.4601	16 (4.89%)	3 (11.11%)	0.1682
Metabolic syndrome1, %	91 (43.96%)	11 (39.29%)	0.6394	21 (6.44%)	2 (7.41%)	0.8451

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; SD: Standard deviation; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NCEP ATP III (2005 revision).

¹P value by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test for continuous variables, chi-square test for categorical variable. Data are presented as the mean ± SD for numerical variables and count (%) for categorical variables.