Interrelationship between physical activity and depression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Demographic, lifestyle and general health comorbidities of participants according to the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

	All (n = 589)	Non-NAFLD (n = 354)	NAFLD (n = 235)	P value
Age, mean ± SD	59.97 ± 6.97	59.99 ± 7.40	59.94 ± 6.29	0.3959
Male, %	254 (43.12%)	131 (37.01%)	123 (52.34%)	0.0002
White, %	564 (95.76%)	340 (96.05%)	224 (95.32%)	0.6686
Smoking status, %
Current	70 (11.90%)	47 (13.31%)	23 (9.79%)	0.1958
Former	239 (40.65%)	141 (39.94%)	98 (41.70%)	0.6706
Non-smoker	279 (47.45%)	165 (46.74%)	114 (48.51%)	0.674
Regular exercise, %
Physically Inactive	171 (29.03%)	85 (24.01%)	86 (36.60%)	0.001
Moderate physical activity	230 (39.05%)	139 (39.27%)	91 (38.72%)	0.8949
Ideal physical activity	188 (31.92%)	130 (36.72%)	58 (24.68%)	0.0021
Obesity, % BMI
Lean	270 (45.84%)	255 (72.03%)	15 (6.38%)	< 0.0001
Overweight	234 (39.73%)	99 (27.97%)	135 (57.45%)	< 0.0001
Obese	85 (14.43%)	0 (0.00%)	85 (36.17%)	< 0.0001
History of CVD, %	40 (6.79%)	23 (6.50%)	17 (7.23%)	0.7278
History of arthritis, %	68 (11.54%)	39 (11.02%)	29 (12.34%)	0.6226
History of cancer (any), %	97 (16.47%)	48 (13.56%)	49 (20.85%)	0.0195
Insulin resistance, %	157 (26.66%)	48 (13.56%)	109 (46.38%)	< 0.0001
Hypertension, %	117 (19.86%)	66 (18.64%)	51 (21.70%)	0.3623
Hyperlipidemia, %	446 (75.72%)	245 (69.21%)	201 (85.53%)	< 0.0001
Diabetes, %	74 (12.56%)	19 (5.37%)	55 (23.40%)	< 0.0001
Metabolic syndrome1, %	125 (21.26%)	23 (6.52%)	102 (43.40%)	< 0.0001
BDI, mean ± SD	4.00 ± 3.71	3.67 ± 3.62	4.49 ± 3.80	0.0041

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SD: Standard deviation. NCEP ATP III (2005 revision).

¹P value by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test for continuous variables, chi-square test for categorical variable, Data are presented as the mean ± SD for numerical variables and count (%) for categorical variables.