Risk factors and prediction of acute kidney injury after liver transplantation: Logistic regression and artificial neural network approaches

Table 3 Diagnostic criteria and hepatorenal syndrome subtypes (Angeli et al[23], 2015)

Diagnostic criteria for HRS

HRS subtype

1) Presence of cirrhosis or ascites; 2) sCr > 1.5 mg/dL or 133 µmoles/L; 3) No improvement in sCr (below 1.5 mg/dL) after at least 48 h of diuretic withdrawal and volume expansion with albumin; 4) Absence of shock; 5) Has not undergone recent treatment with nephrotoxic drugs; 6) Absence of parenchymal kidney disease as indicated by proteinuria less than 500 mg/d, microhematuria (less than 50 erythrocytes/high-magnification field), and/or abnormal renal ultrasound findings

HRS type 1-Rapidly progressive renal failure defined as the doubling of initial serum creatinine to a level greater than 2.5 mg/dL or 220 µmoles/L in less than 3 wk, and associated with a very poor prognosis; HRS type 2-Moderate renal failure (sCr > 1.5 mg/dL or 133 µmoles/L), following a stable or slowly progressive course, often associated with refractory ascites

HRS: Hepatorenal syndrome; sCr: Serum creatinine.