Fertaric acid amends bisphenol A-induced toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testis

Table 7 Testis DNA content in different groups

Control				BPA				FA + BPA
Range	Total cells	% cells	DNA index	Range	Total cells	% cells	DNA index	Range	Total cells	% cells	DNA index
All	113	100.0	1.000	All	109	100.0	2.614	All	111	100.0	1.951
5cER	0	0.0	-	5cER	41	37.62	2.953	5cER	13	11.71	2.726
< 1.5c	23	20.35	0.662	< 1.5c	0	0.0	-	< 1.5c	0	0.0	-
1.5c- 2.5c	75	66.37	1.071	1.5c- 2.5c	26	23.85	1.805	1.5c- 2.5c	41	36.94	1.250
2.5c- 3.5c	14	12.39	1.412	2.5c- 3.5c	12	11.01	1.741	2.5c- 3.5c	25	22.52	1.803
3.5c- 4.5c	1	0.89	1.503	3.5c- 4.5c	30	27.52	2.019	3.5c- 4.5c	32	28.83	1.948

Number of animals = 6 rats/group. The results are presented as a frequency histogram on the monitor generated by plotting the DNA content against the number of nuclei calculated. 2c: Diploid cells containing two copies of DNA; 3c: Proliferation index (S-phase cells contained three copies of DNA); 4c: Tetraploid cells containing four copies of DNA; > 4 c: Cells with more than 4c DNA content; < 1.5 c: Cells containing less than 1.5 c DNA content. FA: Fertaric acid; BPA: Bisphenol A.