Fertaric acid amends bisphenol A-induced toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testis

Table 6 Kidney DNA content in different groups

Control				BPA				FA + BPA
Range	Total cells	% cells	DNA index	Range	Total cells	% cells	DNA index	Range	Total cells	% cells	DNA index
All	107	100.0%	1.000	All	106	100.0%	1.628	All	109	100.0%	1.136
5cER	0	0.0%	-	5cER	22	20.76%	2.716	5cER	8	7.34%	-
< 1.5c	13	12.15%	0.650	< 1.5c	0	16.04%	0.623	< 1.5c	0	8.26%	0.663
1.5c-2.5c	78	72.90%	0.984	1.5c-2.5c	21	19.81%	0.984	1.5- 2.5c	63	57.80%	1.008
2.5c-3.5c	16	14.95%	1.364	2.5c-3.5c	33	31.13%	1.364	2.5c-3.5c	32	29.36%	1.411
3.5c-4.5c	0	0.0%	-	3.5c-4.5c	30	28.30%	1.988	3.5c-4.5c	6	5.51%	1.842

Number of animals = 6 rats/group. The results are presented as a frequency histogram on the monitor generated by plotting the DNA content against the number of nuclei calculated. 2c: Diploid (cells containing two copies of DNA; 3c: Proliferation index (S-phase cells containing three copies of DNA); 4c: Tetraploid cells containing four copies of DNA; > 4 c: Cells with more than 4c DNA content; < 1.5 c: Cells containing less than 1.5 c DNA content. FA: Fertaric acid; BPA: Bisphenol A.