β-arrestin-2 predicts the clinical response to β-blockers in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: A prospective study

Table 1 Baseline clinical and laboratory data of the study population

	PPA (n = 91)	NSBB responders (n = 60)	NSBB non-responders (n = 31)	P value
Male sex n (%)	65 (71.4)	44 (73.3)	21 (67.7)	0.371
Age (years)	55.16 ± 4.0	55.43 ± 3.74	54.64 ± 4.57	0.382
Ascites n (%)	29 (31.9)	19 (31.7)	10 (32.3)	0.571
HB (g/dL)	11.07 ± 1.44	11.10 ± 1.66	11.02 ± 0.91	0.812
Platelets (× 103/mm3)	83.13 ± 12.33	85.32 ± 15.46	78.90 ± 12.19	0.022
WBCs (× 103/mm3)	4.85 ± 1.05	4.88 ± 1.11	4.78 ± 0.96	0.662
ALT (IU/L)	40.01 ± 9.74	40.75 ± 9.98	38.58 ± 9.23	0.322
AST (IU/L)	54.40 ± 14.00	55.48 ± 14.24	52.29 ± 13.47	0.312
APRI-score	1.94 ± 0.46	1.92 ± 0.30	1.97 ± 0.56	0.632
Albumin (g/dL)	2.94 ± 0.18	2.93 ± 0.17	2.97 ± 0.18	0.252
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.73 ± 0.62	1.65 ± 0.55	1.89 ± 0.72	0.112
INR	1.35 ± 0.18	1.34 ± 0.17	1.39 ± 0.16	0.192
CTP A/B/C	48/36/7	34/22/4	14/14/3	0.563
Baseline PVCI	0.533 ± 0.10	0.545 ± 0.11	0.509 ± 0.09	0.112
Baseline esophageal varices grade: n (%)
Small	17(18.7)	10 (16.7)	7 (22.6)	0.061
Medium	48 (52.7)	28 (46.6)	20 (64.5)
large	26 (28.6)	22 (36.7)	4 (12.9)
Baseline portal hypertensive gastropathy grade: n (%)
No	26 (28.6)	13 (21.7)	13 (41.9)	0.0121
Mild	32 (35.2)	19(31.7)	13 (41.9)
Severe	33 (36.2)	28 (46.6)	5 (16.2)
GV presence n (%)	14 (15.4)	12 (20.0)	2 (6.5)	0.083
NSBB dose (min-max): (mg/d)	64.84 ± 14.63 (30-100)	65.33 ± 15.45 (30-100)	63.87 ± 13.08 (40-80)	0.652

¹Chi-square test.

²Independent sample t-test.

³Fisher’s exact test.

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; β-Arr-2: β-Arrestin-2; CI: Congestion index; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh class; GV: Gastric varices; HB: Hemoglobin; INR: International normalization ratio; ITA: Intention to treat analysis; Max: Maximum; Min: Minimum; NSBB: Nonselective beta-blocker; PPA: Per-protocol analysis; WBCs: White blood cells.