Rodent models and metabolomics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What can we learn?

Table 2 Studies related to “non-alcoholic steatohepatitis”, “rodent models” and “metabolomics”

Rodent model	Produced by	Animals used	Biological sample	Platform used	Ref.
Dietary	HFD	C57BL/6 mice. 6-wk-old	Liver extract and serum	UPLC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS	Kim et al[94]
	HFD and Paigen diet	BALB/c mice. 6-wk-old	Liver extract and urine	1H-NMR	Klein et al[95]
	HFD and HCD	C57BL/6N mice. 6-wk-old	Urine	1H-NMR	Jung et al[96]
	HFD and HCD	Wistar rats. 6-wk-old	Liver extract	1H-NMR	Bertram et al[97]
	HFD	C57BL/6S1ac mice. 4-wk-old	Urine	1H-NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MS	Li et al[98]
	HFD	C57BL/6J mice. 6-wk-old	Serum	UHPLC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS	Lai et al[99]
	High-fructose and saturated fatty acid diet	Sprague-Dawley rats	Liver extract	HR-MAS and 1H-NMR	Tranchida et al[100]
	HFHCC diet	C57BL/6J mice. 8-wk-old	Liver extract and plasma	GC-TOF MS and CSH-QTOF MS	Tu et al[101]
	HFD	Sprague-Dawley rats. 4-6-wk-old	Liver extract	LC-MS	Wan et al[102]
	HFD	Sprague-Dawley. 6-wk-old	Urine and feces	1H-NMR	Chen et al[103]
	MCD	C57BL/6J mice. 8-wk-old	Feces	GC-MS	Ye et al[104]
	HFD	Swiss albino mice	Serum and feces	1H-NMR	Carvalho et al[105]
	High fat-sucrose diet	Sprague-Dawley rats. 6-wk-old	Serum	HPLC-QTOF-MS	Xu et al[106]
	MCD and atherogenic diet	C57BL/6J mice. 10-wk-old	Liver extract	MS	Montandon et al[107]
	HFD	Sprague-Dawley rats. 6-8-wk-old	Serum	LC-MS	Cui et al[108]
	HFD	Sprague-Dawley, Fisher 344 and Brown-Norway rats. 5-wk-old	Liver extract	LC-MS	Boyce et al[109]
Genetic	Db/db mice	C57BL/6J mice. 10-wk-old	Liver extract	1H-NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MS	Kim et al[110]
	Ob/ob mice	B6.Cg-Lepob/J mice. 8-wk-old	Liver extract	HR-MAS and1H-NMR	Gogiashvili et al[111]
Chemical	DEN	Sprague-Dawley rats. 4-wk-old	Liver extract	1H-NMR	Wang et al[112]
	CCl4	Wistar rats	Plasma	UPLC-QTOF-MS	Li et al[113]
	CCl4	Sprague-Dawley rats. 4-wk-old	Urine	GC-TOF MS	Jiang et al[114]
	CCl4	Wistar rats	Liver extract	GC-MS	Song et al[115]
	CCl4	Sprague-Dawley rats	Urine	1H-NMR	Wu et al[116]
	CCl4	Wistar rats	Urine	GC-MS	Fang et al[117]
	CCl4	Sprague-Dawley rats. 1-yr-old	Serum and urine	UPLC-QTOF-MS	Chang et al[118]
	CCl4	Sprague-Dawley rats. 7-wk-old	Serum	1H-NMR	Li et al[119]
	CCl4	Sprague-Dawley rats	Serum	1H-NMR	Liu et al[120]
	DEN	Sprague-Dawley rats. 6-wk-old	Serum	1H-NMR	Yang et al[121]
Combined model	Combined (genetic + dietary) with HCD	Acyl knockouts mice on a C57BL6/J background. 4-wk-old	Serum	LC-MS	Zhao et al[122]

CCl₄: Carbon tetrachloride; CSH-QTOF MS: Reverse-phase lipid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry; DEN: Diethylnitrosamine; GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GC-TOF MS: Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry; HCD: High-carbohydrate diet; HFD: High-fat diet; HFHCC: High-fat, high cholesterol, cholate diet; HPLC-QTOF-MS: High-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry; ¹H-NMR: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance; LC-MS: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MCD: Methionine, and choline-deficient diet; MS: Mass spectroscopy; UPLC-QTOF-MS: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.