Non-invasive tests for predicting liver outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of non-invasive test for the prediction of liver-related mortality

Unadjusted hazard ratio (HR)
Ref.	NIT1	HR (95%CI)	P value
Hansen et al[20], 2019	TE	97.00 (13.20–713.00)	< 0.005
Shili-Masmoudi et al[28], 2019	TE	29.65 (8.88–99.01)	< 0.001
Nunes et al[27], 2010	APRI	10.18 (4.86–21.32)	N/A
	FIB-4	9.45 (4.51–19.79)	N/A
Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)
Ref.	NIT1	aHR (95%CI)	P value	Adjustment variables
Hansen et al[20], 2019	TE	11.00 (1.22–98.60)	0.018	SVR
Shili-Masmoudi et al[28], 2019	TE	20.60 (5.99–70.78)	< 0.001	Gender, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, CD4 count, HCV genotype, metabolic disorders, previous HCV treatment
Macías et al[21], 2015	TE	29.90 (4.30–217.00)	0.001	Age, gender, platelet counts, AIDS at baseline, alcohol use, treatment against HCV, time-varying CD4 cell counts, undetectable HIV RNA
Tada et al[48], 2016	FIB-4 (Pre-Rx)	13.02 (4.16–40.77)	< 0.001	Age, gender, AST concentration, ALT concentration, albumin, total bilirubin concentration, prothrombin time, platelet count, AFP concentration, FIB-4 index
Nunes et al[27], 2010	FIB-4	1.19 (1.12–1.27)	< 0.001	Gender, MELD
	FIB-4	1.13 (1.05–1.21)	0.001	Gender, CPT
	APRI	1.11 (1.01–1.22)	0.035	Gender, CPT
	APRI	1.25 (1.15–1.35)	< 0.001	Gender, MELD

¹Non-invasive tests are not classified as either pre-treatment or post-treatment if the study did not specify when the non-invasive test measurement was done with regards to the initiation of hepatitis C virus therapy. NIT: Non-invasive test; HR: Hazard ratio; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 index; N/A: Not available; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease score; pre-Rx: Pre-treatment; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; SVR: Sustained virologic response; TE: Transient elastography.