Gut dysbiosis is associated with poorer long-term prognosis in cirrhosis

Table 1 Comparison of the gut microbiome at different taxonomic levels between the groups

Taxa	Heath controls (n = 21)	Cirrhosis with non-severe dysbiosis (n = 24)	Cirrhosis with severe dysbiosis (n = 24)	P value, Non-severe dysbiosis vs controls	P value, Severe dysbiosis vs controls	P value, Severe dysbiosis vs non-severe one
Firmicutes	91.8 (89.3-96.4)	89.7 (73.0-93.6)	80.1 (62.7-88.1)	0.074	< 0.001	0.028
Clostridia	88.0 (86.6-91.7)	83.5 (69.8-88.7)	69.8 (57.4-77.2)	0.008	< 0.001	0.001
Ruminococcaceae	33.9 (28.1-41.6)	27.6 (19.2-36.5)	18.8 (7.9-31.7)	0.086	0.002	0.081
Lachnospiraceae	43.8 (37.2-54.6)	37.6 (27.2-60.5)	31.0 (22.1-46.0)	0.488	0.030	0.190
Bacilli	0.1 (0.0-0.2)	0.5 (0.2-1.9)	7.1 (1.3-14.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Streptococcaceae	0.03 (0.02-0.10)	0.29 (0.12-0.52)	3.20 (0.38-10.4)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002
Lactobacillaceae	0.00 (0.00-0.01)	0.02 (0.01-0.22)	0.47 (0.12-1.50)	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001
Enterococcaceae	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.03)	0.03 (0.01-0.08)	0.067	0.001	< 0.001
Bacteroidetes	5.6 (2.8-8.1)	5.7 (1.8-12.9)	6.1 (3.2-8.2)	0.954	0.829	0.959
Bacteroidaceae	2.5 (0.8-3.4)	1.3 (0.6-4.3)	1.4 (0.2-3.8)	0.991	0.432	0.261
Actinobacteria	0.2 (0.1-0.3)	0.8 (0.3-2.8)	0.7 (0.4-2.9)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.687
Bifidobacteriaceae	0.1 (0.0-0.2)	0.6 (0.1-2.6)	0.5 (0.2-2.3)	0.002	0.001	0.687
Proteobacteria	0.39 (0.14-0.51)	0.15 (0.10-0.81)	3.57 (1.77-6.65)	0.869	< 0.001	< 0.001
Enterobacteriaceae	0.03 (0.01-0.05)	0.04 (0.02-0.61)	2.70 (1.58-6.24)	0.104	< 0.001	< 0.001