Infantile giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Table 1 Overview of the demographic features and outcome in patients with infantile giant cell hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Ref.	Clinical cases, n	Age in mo	Gender	Outcome	Rituximab	Follow-up in mo	Cause of death
Before 2011 (case reports/series providing individual data on infantile GCH + AHA)
Bernard et al[11], France, 1981	1	10	F	Fatal	N	-	Liver failure
	2	9	M	Fatal	N	-	Liver failure
	3	24	M	Fatal	N	-	Liver failure
	4	6.5	M	Alive	N	N/A	-
Imgrueth et al[23], Switzerland, 1986	5	5	F	Alive	N	9	-
	6	8	M	Alive	N	24	-
Brichard et al[24], Belgium, 1991	7	7	F	Fatal	N	-	Encephalopathy
Weinstein et al[25], United States, 1993	8	5	F	Alive	N	30	-
Perez-Atayde et al[26], United States, 1994	9	23	F	Fatal	N	-	Sepsis
	10	9	M	Alive	N	8	-
Choulot et al[27], France, 1996	11	15	M	Alive	N	144	-
Melendez et al[28], United Kingdom, 1997	12	8	M	Fatal	N	-	Liver and renal failure
Hartman et al[29], Israel, 2001	13	6	M	Fatal	N	-	Liver failure
Gorelik et al[30], United States, 2004	14	4	F	Alive	Y	36	-
Kashyap et al[31], India, 2006	15	4	F	Alive	N	2	-
Vajro et al[12], Italy, 2006	16	10	F	Alive	N	36	-
Miloh et al[32], United States, 2007	17	2	M	Alive	Y	24	-
Rovelli et al[33], Italy, 2007	18	14	M	Alive	Y	48	-
Baran et al[13], Turkey, 2010	19	3	F	Fatal	Y	-	Sepsis and renal failure
Ünal et al[14], Turkey, 2010	20	2	F	Fatal	Y	-	Sepsis
	21	6	M	Fatal	N	-	N/A
	22	11	M	Alive	Y	18	-
Maggiore et al[9] (largest case series providing aggregate data on infantile GCH + AHA)
Maggiore et al[9], Italy, 2011	16 cases	2.5-17	M (n = 9); F (n = 7)	Alive (n = 12); Fatal (n = 4)	Y (n = 2); N (n = 10)	2-28 yr	OLT (n = 1); Sepsis (n = 3)
After 2011 (case reports/series providing individual data on infantile GCH + AHA)
Raj et al[22], United States, 2011	1	6	F	Alive	N	30	-
Lega et al[34], Italy, 2013	2	8	M	Alive	N	6	-
Bouguila et al[35], Tunisia, 2013	3	9	N/A	Fatal	N	-	Sepsis
Whitington et al[18], Canada & United States, 2014	4	22	F	Alive	Y	48	-
	5	14	F	Alive	Y	48	-
	6	6	F	Alive	N	48	-
	7	4	F	Fatal	N	-	N/A
	8	6	M	Alive	Y	36	-
Bakula et al[36], Poland, 2014	9	7	N/A	Alive	Y	30	-
	10	8	N/A	Alive	Y	26	-
	11	2	N/A	Alive	Y	5	-
	12	12	N/A	Alive	Y	76	-
	13	7	N/A	Fatal	N	-	Hemophagocytosis (after HSCT)
Paganelli et al[37], Italy, 2014	14	3	F	Alive	Y	N/A1	-
	15	14	F	Alive	Y	N/A1	-
	16	12	F	Alive	Y	N/A1	-
	17	16	M	Alive	Y	N/A1	-
Marsalli et al[38], Italy, 2016	18	5	F	Alive	N	N/A1	-
	19	8	M	Alive	N	N/A1	-
	20	10	F	Alive	N	N/A1	-
	21	10	F	Alive	N	N/A1	-
	22	6	F	Alive	Y	N/A1	-
	23	7	F	Alive	N	N/A1	-
	24	8	M	Alive	N	N/A1	-
Cho et al[39], South Korea, 2016	25	2	N/A	Alive	N	36	-
Matarazzo et al[40], Italy, 2020	26	5	F	Alive	Y	141	-
	27	9	F	Alive	Y	91	-
	28	8	M	Alive	Y	76	-
Kim et al[41], South Korea, 2020	29	7	M	Alive	Y	19	-

¹The authors did not provide the follow-up length for individual patients; however, they provided general information on follow-up in their respective case series (Paganelli et al[37]: “At last follow-up visit, all patients were alive with their native liver 2 to 16 year after disease presentation”; Marsalli et al[38]: “Follow-up (median 17.4 mo, range 7-24 mo).” F: Female; HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; M: Male; N/A: Not available; N: No; OLT: Orthotopic liver transplantation; Y: Yes.