New stem cell autophagy surrogate diagnostic biomarkers in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt: A pilot study

Figure 2 Box-plot figures showing the mean delta–delta threshold cycle in the new diagnostic biomarkers in different groups. A: Illustration of the mean delta–delta threshold cycle (DDCT) of the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results for hsa-miR-519d in the serum of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chronic liver infection, and control groups using error bars: ± 1 [mean ± standard deviation (SD)]; B: Illustration of the mean DDCT of the qRT-PCR results for mRNA of SQSTM1 in the serum of the HCC, chronic liver infection, and control groups using error bars: ± 1 (mean ± SD). DDCT: Delta–delta threshold cycle; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.