Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with worse intestinal complications in patients hospitalized for Clostridioides difficile infection

Table 4 Multivariate regression analysis of outcomes for patients hospitalized for Clostridioides difficile infection with coexisting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease vs alcoholic liver disease

Outcomes	CDI with NAFLD	CDI with ALD	Unadjusted ratio (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted ratio1 (95%CI)	P value
n (weighted)	7239	5938
Hospital mortality	59 (0.8%)	159 (2.7%)	3.34 (2.48, 4.52)	< 0.0001	2.63 (1.25, 5.51)	0.0107
Acute kidney injury	938 (13%)	935 (15.8%)	1.26 (1.14, 1.39)	< 0.0001	1.2 (0.93, 1.54)	0.15
Respiratory failure	192 (2.7%)	249 (4.2%)	1.61 (1.33, 1.94)	< 0.0001	1.72 (1.09, 2.72)	0.0201
Septic shock	39 (0.5%)	79 (1.3%)	2.48 (1.69, 3.64)	< 0.0001	2.14 (0.84, 5.46)	0.109
Intestinal perforation	-	0 (0%)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Intestinal obstruction	331 (4.6%)	133 (2.2%)	0.48 (0.39, 0.59)	< 0.0001	0.45 (0.28, 0.72)	0.0010
Peritonitis	61 (0.8%)	69 (1.2%)	1.38 (0.97, 1.95)	0.071	0.54 (0.25, 1.18)	0.12
Colectomy	45 (0.6%)	15 (0.3%)	0.42 (0.23, 0.74)	0.003	0.44 (0.14, 1.39)	0.16
Ileostomy	-	-	0.65 (0.23, 1.85)	0.42	0.99 (0.15, 6.61)	0.98
LOS (days)	5.75 ± 0.16	6.84 ± 0.23	1.14 (1.08, 1.21)	< 0.0001	1.18 (1.1, 1.25)	< 0.0001
Totalhospitalizationcharges (dollars)	38150.34 ± 1757.01	44641.74 ± 1660.66	1.14 (1.07, 1.22)	< 0.0001	1.17 (1.09, 1.26)	< 0.0001

¹Adjusted for age, sex, race, primary insurance payer, hospital type, hospital bed size, hospital region, income quartile, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score, obesity, diabetes, tobacco use disorder, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cirrhosis and its complications, numbers of cirrhosis complications, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Values reported as weighted mean ± SE and weighted numbers [n (%)]. -: Numbers were not displayed due to extremely small numbers were associated with increased risk for identification of persons. CDI: Clostridioides difficile infection; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; LOS: Length of stay.