Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with worse intestinal complications in patients hospitalized for Clostridioides difficile infection

Table 3 Multivariate regression analysis of outcomes for patients hospitalized for Clostridioides difficile infection with coexisting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease vs viral liver disease

Outcomes	CDI with NAFLD	CDI with VLD	Unadjusted ratio (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted ratio1 (95%CI)	P value
n (weighted)	7239	11857
Hospital mortality	59 (0.8%)	186 (1.6%)	1.94 (1.44, 2.6)	< 0.0001	1.87 (0.95, 3.7)	0.071
Acute kidney injury	938 (13%)	2035 (17.2%)	1.39 (1.28, 1.51)	< 0.0001	1.35 (1.1, 1.67)	0.0041
Respiratory failure	192 (2.7%)	504 (4.2%)	1.63 (1.37, 1.92)	< 0.0001	1.83 (1.22, 2.76)	0.0036
Septic shock	39 (0.5%)	115 (1%)	1.8 (1.25, 2.59)	0.0015	1.64 (0.67, 4.02)	0.27
Intestinal perforation	-	-	0.3 (0.1, 0.89)	0.03	0.12 (0.03, 0.57)	0.0075
Intestinal obstruction	331 (4.6%)	527 (4.4%)	0.97 (0.84, 1.12)	0.67	0.94 (0.66, 1.33)	0.725
Peritonitis	61 (0.8%)	106 (0.9%)	1.06 (0.77, 1.45)	0.71	0.72 (0.35, 1.52)	0.39
Colectomy	45 (0.6%)	105 (0.9%)	1.43 (1.01, 2.03)	0.044	1.38 (0.6, 3.15)	0.44
Ileostomy	-	41 (0.3%)	2.47 (1.24, 4.92)	0.01	2.62 (0.66, 10.41)	0.17
LOS (days)	5.75 ± 0.16	6.77 ± 0.15	1.11 (1.06, 1.16)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.06, 1.18)	< 0.0001
Total hospitalizationcharges (dollars)	38150.34 ± 1757.01	46326.72 ± 1809.82	1.14 (1.07, 1.2)	< 0.0001	1.13 (1.06, 1.2)	< 0.0001

¹Adjusted for age, sex, race, primary insurance payer, hospital type, hospital bed size, hospital region, income quartile, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score, obesity, diabetes, tobacco use disorder, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cirrhosis and its complications, numbers of cirrhosis complications, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

-: Numbers were not displayed due to extremely small numbers were associated with increased risk for identification of persons. Values reported as weighted mean ± SE and weighted numbers [n (%)]; CDI: Clostridioides difficile infection; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; VLD: Viral liver disease; CI: Confidence interval; LOS: Length of stay.