Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the field of hepatology: Recent advances and future trends

Table 7 Studies in humans demonstrating the role of endoscopic ultrasound guided therapies for liver lesions

EUS guided treatment	Study design	Patients	Location of the lesion	Technical success (%)	Response to therapy	Complications
Ethanol ablation in HCC
Nakaji et al[84]	Case report	1	Segment 8	100	Complete	0
Lisotti et al[85]	Case report	1	Segment 2	100	Complete	0
Nakaji et al[86]	Case report	1	Segment 3	100	Complete	0
Nakaji et al[87]	Retrospective	12	Caudate lobe	100	Complete	2 (16.7%)
Jiang et al[88]	RCT	10	Left lobe	92	Partial (30%)	0
Alcohol ablation in liver metastasis
Barclay et al[89]	Case report	1	Left lobe	100	Complete	Self-limited sub-capsular hematoma
Hu et al[103]	Case report	1	Left lobe	100	Complete	Low grade fever
RFA (radiofrequency ablation) in HCC
Armellini et al[91]	Case report	1	Left lobe	100	Complete	None
Attili et al[92]	Case report	1	Segment 3	100	Complete	None
de Nucci et al[93]	Case report	1	Segment 2-3-4b	100	70% reduction	None
Ablation by Nd-YAG
Di Matteo et al[95]	Case report	1	Caudate lobe	100	Complete	0
Jiang et al[96]	Prospective	10	Left lobe	100	Complete	0
Brachytherapy (Iodine-125)
Jiang et al[88]	RCT	13	Left lobe	92	Near complete	0

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; Nd-YAG: Neodymium:yttium-aluminum-garnet; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.