Pediatric non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: Endoscopic outcome and perspectives from developing nations

Figure 4 Natural history and follow-up outcome of esophageal varices, gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy in pediatric non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis in author's experience. A: 22 children presented with variceal bleeding (bleeders), required Endoscopic Variceal Ligation and/or sclerotherapy. 11 children presented with large varices without bleeding (non-bleeders). The incidence of recurrence of varices following eradication is not statistically different between bleeders and non-bleeders. 50% small varices progressed to bleed in the follow-up (median time 13 mo); B: 77% bleeders and 72% non-bleeders had gastric varices (primary) at initial endoscopy. 9% bleeders and 18% non-bleeders develop gastric varices (secondary) in follow-up; C: 100% bleeders and 72% non-bleeders had portal hypertensive gastropathy at initial endoscopy, reduced to 59% and 45% respectively, in follow-up.