Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on liver, liver diseases, and liver transplantation programs in intensive care units

Table 2 Reported data on survivors versus non-survivors in coronavirus disease 2019

Ref.	N (all) n (non-survivors)	Age (year)	Male	Pre-existing CLD	Type of liver disease	Elevated LFTs on admission (%)	LFTs levels on admission. ALT/AST/ALP/GGT (U/L)/TB (μmoL)	Selected complications or clinical outcomes
Cao et al[51]. China	N = 102 (n = 17)	53 vs 72	47.1% vs 76.5%	2.4% vs 5.9%	-	ALT: NR vs 41.1%	ALT: NR vs 40	ALI: 24.7% vs 76.5%; ARDS: 5.9% vs 88.2%; Shock: 3.5% vs 41.1%; MV: 2.4% vs 70.6%
Chen et al[52]. China	N = 274 (n = 113)	51 vs 68	55% vs 73%	-	HBV surface antigen positivity	ALT: 19% vs 27%; AST: 16% vs 52%	ALT: 20 vs 28; AST: 25 vs 45; ALP: 64 vs 76; GGT: 28 vs 42; TB: 8.4 vs 12.6	ALI: 2% vs 9%; ARDS: 52% vs 100%; Shock: 0% vs 41%; MV: 82% vs 16%
Chen et al[53]. China	N = 55 (n = 19)1	72 vs 77	50% vs 84.2%	2.8% vs 5.3%	-	ALT: 19.4% vs 31.6%; AST: 50% vs 73.7%	ALT: 40 vs 44;AST: 55 vs 78	MV: 30.6% vs 68.4%
Du et al[54]. China	N = 852	65.8	72.9%	5.9%	-	ALT: 16.5%; AST: 32.9%; TB: 35.3%	ALT: 72.9; AST: 94.4; TB: 18.4	ALI: 35.3%; ARDS: 74.1%; Shock: 81.2%; MV: 93%3
Wu et al[42]. China	N = 84 (n = 44)4	50 vs 68.5	77.5% vs 65.9%	3.5%5	-	-	ALT: 35 vs 39; AST: 38.5 vs 37; TB: 11.6 vs 14.5	MV: 57.5% vs 97.8%3; Others reported as association
Yang et al[55]. China	N = 922	69.8	53.3%	3.3%	-	-	ALT: 27; AST: 31; TB: 13.6	ALI: 16.5%; ARDS: 80.2%; MODS: 15.4%
Yang et al[39]. China	N = 52 (n = 32)	51.9 vs 64.6	70% vs 66%	-	-	-	TB: 13.1 vs 19.5	ALI: 30% vs 28%; ARDS: 45% vs 81%; MV: 35% vs 94%
Zhang et al[44]. China	N = 822	72.5	65.9%	2.4%	-	ALT: 30.6%; AST: 61.1%; TB: 30.6%	ALT: 26; AST: 72; TB: 13.6	Hepatic damage: 78%; Liver-associated death: 1.2%; MV: 40.2%
Zhou et al[43]. China	N = 191 (n = 54)	52 vs 69	59% vs 70%	-	-	ALT: 24% vs 48%	ALT: 27 vs 40	ARDS: 7% vs 93%; Shock: 0% vs 70%; MV: 2% vs 100%3

¹Patients ≥ 65 years subgroup (55 of 203 patients).

²Reported fatal cases only.

³Invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation.

⁴Subgroup of patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after admission and those who progressed from ARDS to death (total patients = 201).

⁵Reported for all patients.

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALI: Acute liver injury; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CLD: Chronic liver disease; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; LFTs: Liver function tests; MODS: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; MV: Mechanical ventilation; N and n: Number of patients; NR: Not reported; TB: Total bilirubin.