Lipidomics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 2 Summary of main lipidomics studies in plasma and serum in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	Tissue	Main findings in NAFLD patients compared to healthy control	Main findings in NASH patients compared to NAFL patients
Puri et al[26], 2009	Plasma	Increased: DAG, TAG, MUFA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid to palmitic acid ratio in NAFLD; stepwise increase in lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites 5-HETE, 8-HETE, and 15-HETE from healthy controls to NAFL to NASH; 11-HETE in NASH compared with controls. Decreased: LA; total plasmalogen levels in NASH compared with controls.
Zheng et al[81], 2012	Plasma phospholipids fatty acid composition	Increased: Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20: 3n-6), total SFA in phospholipids. Decreased: Eicosanoic acid (C20: 0), cis-11-octadecenoic acid (C18: 1n-7), DHA in PL.
Loomba et al[89], 2015	plasma eicosanoid lipidomic profile	Increased: 15-HETE, 5,6-diHETrE. Decreased: 12,13-diHOME.	Increased: 11,12-diHETrE, dhk PGD2, and 20-COOH AA. Decreased:
Walle et al[80], 2016	Serum (fatty acid composition)	Increased: Palmitoleic acid in CE in individuals with NAFLD. Decreased: LA and total n-6 fatty acids in TAG in individuals with NASH.	Increased: SFA in TAG were higher in subjects with NASH, myristic acid in CE and TAG, Stearic acid in TAG. Decreased:
Tiwari-Heckler et al[27], 2018	Serum	Increased: PC and SM in NAFL and NASH. Decreased: Lysophospatidylethanolamine in NAFL and NASH individuals.	Increased: PE in patients with NASH.
Ma et al[27], 2016	Plasma	Increased: PS and PI in NAFL and NASH, DHA and AA in PS in NAFL and NASH.

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFL: nonalcoholic fatty liver; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; DAG: Diacylglycerol; TAG: Triacylglycerol; SFA: Saturated Fatty acids; MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acids; PC: Phosphatidylcholine; HETE: Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 5,6-diHETrE : 5,6 dihydroxy- eicosatrienoic acid; 12,13-diHOME: 12,13-dihydroxy-9- octadecenoic acid; CE: Cholesteryl ester; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; LA: Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6); DHA: 11,12-diHETrE: 11,12-dihydroxy- eicosatrienoic acid; dhk PGD2: 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2; 20-COOH AA: 20-carboxy arachidonic acid; SM: Sphingomyelin; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; PS: Phosphatidylserine; PI: Phosphatidylinositol.