LIV-4: A novel model for predicting transplant-free survival in critically ill cirrhotics

Table 4 Validation cohort characteristics

Factor	Training cohort (n = 436)		Validation cohort A (n = 336)		P value
	n	Statistics	n	Statistics
Gender	436		336		< 0.0302
Female		151 (34.6)		142 (42.3)
Male		285 (65.4)		194 (57.7)
Serum bilirubin	435	4.2 (2.0, 10.4)	336	5.0 (2.0, 13.5)	< 0.261
PT	436	16.8 (14.2, 20.7)	336	18.0 (14.8, 23.5)	< 0.0031
WBC	436	7.5 (5.0, 11.4)	336	8.3 (5.0, 14.0)	< 0.0401
MAP	436	65.0 (56.0, 106.0)	336	64.0 (56.0, 75.0)	< 0.261
Non-liver specific scores
APACHE III	435	83.0 (65.0, 102.0)	333	88.0 (70.0, 109.0)	< 0.0061
SOFA	263	10.0 (8.0, 12.0)	186	11.0 (8.0, 14.0)	< 0.0031
Liver specific scores
MELD	435	22.0 (16.0, 30.0)	336	25.0 (17.0, 33.0)	< 0.0041
MELD-Na	435	24.0 (18.0, 31.0)	336	27.0 (20.0, 34.0)	< 0.0061
CLIF-SOFA	262	11.0 (9.0, 13.0)	336	11.0 (9.0, 13.0)	< 0.531
RFH	259	0.05 (-0.77, 1.1)	184	0.83 (-0.18, 2.1)	< 0.0011
LIV-4	435	16.8 (5.7, 43.6)	336	23.0 (7.1, 57.7)	< 0.0071
Admission outcomes
ICU LOS (d)	436	2.6 (1.4, 5.2)	336	3.7 (2.0, 7.6)	< 0.0011
Hospital LOS (d)	436	8.7 (4.7, 16.8)	336	11.7 (5.7, 22.0)	< 0.0021
Hospital discharge status	436		336		< 0.172
Discharged alive		317 (72.7)		229 (68.2)
In-hospital death		119 (27.3)		107 (31.8)

¹Kruskal-Wallis test.

²Pearson’s χ² test. PT: Prothrombin time; WBC: White blood cell count; MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA: Sequential (or Sepsis-related) organ failure assessment; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; Na: Sodium; CLIF-SOFA: Chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment; RFH: Royal Free Hospital; LOS: Length of stay.