Hospital teaching status on the outcomes of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States

Table 3 Mortality associated with patient demographics and hospital characteristics

Variable	Mortality (%)a	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)1	P value
Patient age (yr)				0.226
Age < 40	5.5%	1.0	1.0
Age 40-59	6.7%	1.226 (0.900-1.669)	1.182 (0.858-1.628)	0.196
Age > 60	7.1%	1.312 (0.955-1.801)	1.397 (0.989-1.974)	0.094
Sex				0.001
Female	5.6%	1.0	1.0
Male	7.3%	1.323 (1.126-1.555)	1.271 (1.075-1.503)	0.005
Race				0.001
White	6.4%	1.0	1.0
Black	10.2%	1.664 (1.308-2.118)	1.607 (1.246-2.074)	< 0.001
Hispanic	6.1%	0.948 (0.778-1.155)	0.942 (0.766-1.157)	0.567
Asian or Pacific Islander	6.6%	1.040 (0.621-1.742)	1.046 (0.619-1.768)	0.867
Native American	6.7%	1.062 (0.587-1.922)	1.071 (0.572-2.002)	0.831
Other	7.6%	1.214 (0.971-1.518)	1.131 (0.895-1.429)	0.304
Primary payer				0.001
Medicare	6.7%	1.0	1.0
Medicaid	7.9%	1.180 (0.978-1.423)	1.027 (0.844-1.250)	0.789
Private and HMO	6.0%	0.887 (0.729-1.078)	0.837 (0.683-1.026)	0.087
Self-pay	7.2%	1.069 (0.849-1.346)	1.098 (0.864-1.395)	0.445
No charge	4.0%	0.580 (0.254-1.326)	0.517 (0.214-1.247)	0.142
Other	4.9%	0.706 (0.487-1.025)	0.671 (0.456-0.988)	0.043
Hospital bed size				0.001
Small	5.2%	1.0	1.0
Medium	5.8%	1.115 (0.836-1.486)	1.094 (0.814-1.470)	0.551
Large	7.4%	1.458 (1.123-1.892)	1.272 (0.970-1.668)	0.082
Hospital region				0.143
Northeast	7.4%	1.0	1.0
Midwest	7.1%	0.961 (0.760-1.216)	0.960 (0.744-1.238)	0.752
South	6.1%	0.814 (0.667-0.994)	0.914 (0.740-1.129)	0.403
West	7.0%	0.946 (0.766-1.169)	1.110 (0.882-1.397)	0.372
Transfer in from acute care hospital				< 0.001
No	6.2%	1.0	1.0
Yes	11.9%	2.041 (1.643-2.536)	1.490 (1.172-1.894)	0.001
Hospital teaching status				< 0.001
Teaching	8.0%	1.557 (1.345-1.803)	1.249 (1.066-1.463)	0.006
Non-teaching	5.3%	1.0	1.0

^aP < 0.001 for all comparisons of crude mortality between groups in bivariate χ² analyses.

¹Adjusted for age, sex, race, primary insurance, hospital bed size, region, transfer status, features of hepatic decompensation, and management.