Hospital teaching status on the outcomes of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States

Table 1 Patient demographics and hospital characteristics

Variable	All (58362)	Teaching (30382)	Non-teaching (27979)	P value
Patient age (yr)				< 0.001
Median (SD)	55 (12.05)	54 (11.83)	55 (12.21)
Sex				0.650
Female	18550 (31.8)	9601 (31.6)	8953 (32.0)
Male	39803 (68.2)	20781 (68.4)	19026 (68.0)
Race				< 0.001
White	35192 (60.3)	17166 (56.5)	18018 (64.4)
Black	4202 (7.2)	2917 (9.6)	1287 (4.6)
Hispanic	11030 (18.9)	5924 (19.5)	5092 (18.2)
Asian or Pacific Islander	1167 (2.0)	668 (2.2)	532 (1.90)
Native American	875 (1.5)	486 (1.6)	392 (1.40)
Other	1751 (3.0)	1063 (3.5)	699 (2.50)
Missing	4144 (7.1)	2188 (7.2)	1959 (7.0)
Primary payer				< 0.001
Medicare	18442 (31.6)	8720 (28.7)	9709 (34.7)
Medicaid	13540 (23.2)	7869 (25.9)	5680 (20.3)
Private and HMO	14824 (25.4)	7960 (26.2)	6855 (24.5)
Self-pay	7587 (13.0)	3767 (12.4)	3805 (13.6)
No charge	700 (1.2)	425 (1.4)	308 (1.1)
Other	3268 (5.6)	1671 (5.5)	1539 (5.5)
Hospital bed size				< 0.001
Small	6245 (10.7)	4102 (13.5)	2182 (7.8)
Medium	15408 (26.4)	8051 (26.5)	7386 (26.4)
Large	36710 (62.9)	18229 (60.0)	18410 (65.8)
Hospital region				< 0.001
Northeast	10564 (18.1)	6988 (23.0)	3581 (12.8)
Midwest	9571 (16.4)	5621 (18.5)	3917 (14.0)
South	23170 (39.7)	11636 (38.3)	11555 (41.3)
West	15057 (25.8)	6137 (20.2)	8925 (31.9)
Transfer in from acute care hospital				< 0.001
Yes	4319 (7.4)	3494 (11.5)	839 (3.0)
No	54043 (92.6)	26888 (88.5)	27140 (97.0)