Pivotal role of long non-coding ribonucleic acid-X-inactive specific transcript in regulating immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 through a shared pathway between miR-194-5p and miR-155-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Relative expression level of programmed death ligand 1 in liver tissues. Endogenous programmed death ligand 1 expression profile was analyzed in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, cirrhotic and healthy controls using quantified real-time polymerase chain reaction and normalized to B2M as an internal control (housekeeping gene). Screening of programmed death ligand 1 showed that it was enhanced in cirrhotic biopsies (^aP < 0.05) and hepatocellular carcinoma biopsies (^bP < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.