Noninvasive scores for the prediction of esophageal varices and risk stratification in patients with cirrhosis

Table 1 Test characteristics for noninvasive detection of esophageal varices

Non-invasive test	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	LR (+)	LR (-)	AUROC
PC/SD	89%-93%	74%-84%	73%	74%	3.5	0.12
TE	84%	62%-68%			2.3-2.58	0.24-0.26	0.82-0.84
LSPS			94% (LSPS > 5.5)	94% (LSPS < 3.5)			0.882-0.953
EV prediction score							0.909
SSM	78%-94%	76%-78%		99%	3.4	0.2	0.872-0.933
EVendo	92.3%	65.9%					0.82
Capsule endoscopy	73.7%-83%	84%- 90.5%					0.90

Other noninvasive scores exist and may be used, as shown in Table 1; EVendo score selected based on it having the highest sensitivity, negative predictive value, and endoscopies saved, though it has not yet been validated outside of the United States. EV: Esophageal varices; PPV: Positive Predictive Value; NPV: Net present value; AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic; PC/SD: Platelet count to spleen diameter ratio; TE: Transient elastography; LSPS: Liver stiffness–spleen diameter to platelet ratio; SSM: Spleen stiffness measurement.