Occurrence of seeding metastases in resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and the role of low-dose radiotherapy to prevent this

Table 2 Overview of studies reporting on incidence of seeding metastases in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

	Incidence	Patients
Sakata et al[8], 2005	3/67 (4.4%), cumulative 6%	Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Percutaneous biliary drainage, 1998-2002
Kang et al[9], 2013	6/232 (2.6%) + 8 abdominal wall/wound implant metastases (3.4%)	Seoul National University Hospital; Percutaneous biliary drainage, 1991-2011
Kim et al[10], 2015	2/52 (3.8%)	Samsung Medical Center Seoul; Percutaneous biliary drainage, 2000-2012
Kawakami et al[5], 2011	3/48 (6.3%)	Hokkaido University Hospital; Percutaneous biliary drainage, 1999-2009
Hirano et al[16], 2014	3/67 (4.5%)	Hokkaido University hospital; Percutaneous biliary drainage, 2000-2008
Takahashi et al[7], 2010	19/339 (5.6%)	Nagoya University hospital, 1977-2007
Komaya et al[6], 2017	6/168 (3.6%)	Nagoya University Hospital Percutaneous biliary drainage, 2003-2012
Ten Hoopen et al[1], 1999	8/41 (20%)	AMC Amsterdam; Biliary drainage, 1983-1990
Wiggers et al[11], 2013	2/106 (1.9%)	AMC Amsterdam; Percutaenous + endoscopic biliary drainage, 1991-2012