Spontaneous fungal peritonitis: Micro-organisms, management and mortality in liver cirrhosis-A systematic review

Table 1 Management, prognosis and mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous fungal peritonitis

Study	Country, setting	Study design	Study population	Management	Mortality
				n (%)	n (%)
Hwang et al[10], 2014	South Korea, University Hospital	Retrospective, Cross-sectional	n = 416 patients	3rd generation cephalosporin (n = 15)	In-hospital: -
			SBP (n = 401)	Antifungal: n = 5 (33.3%)	1-mo: 11/15 (73.3%)
			SFP (n = 4)	Amphotericin B: n = 2	6-mo: 3/15 (20%)
			Polymicrobial SFP (n = 11)	Liposomal Amphotericin B: n = 1
				Fluconazole: n = 2
Hassan et al[9], 2014	Egypt, University Hospital	Prospective cohort study	n = 46 patients	Not described	In-hospital: 1/3 (33.33%)
			Control patients with no infection (n = 18)
			SFP (n = 4; only 3 patients described with ascitic fluid polymorphs > 250 cells/mm3)
Karvellas et al[11], 2015	(CATSS Database) from 28 medical centers in United States, Canada, Saudi Arabia	Retrospective cohort study	n = 126 patients	Anti-fungal: n = 9 (81.8%)	In-hospital: 11/11 (100%)
			SBP (n = 126)
			SFP and SBP (n = 11)
Bremmer et al[1], 20151	University of Pittsburgh, United States	Retrospective, cross-sectional study	n = 25	Antifungal: n = 15 (60%)	In hospital: 15/25 (60%)
			SFP (n = 25)		One mo: 14/25 (56%)
Lahmer, et al[2], 2016	University Hospital, Germany	Retrospective, cross-sectional study	n = 208 SFP (n = 20)	Antibiotic pretreatment: SFP n = 17 Antifungal: n = 6 (30% of SFP)	In-hospital: 18/20 (90%)
			SBP (n = 28)
Gravito-Soares et al[6], 2017	University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal	Retrospective, case–control study	n = 231	Cefotaxime n = 231	1 -mo: 4/8
			SFP (n = 3)	Antifungal: n = 5/8 (62.5%)	(50%)
			Polymicrobial SFP (n = 5)	Fluconazole: n = 3
			SBP (n = 119)	Caspofungin: n = 1
				Amphotericin B: n = 1

¹The study was described as a retrospective cohort study design but in the absence of a comparative non-exposure/control group we decided it more appropriately fitted the description of a cross—sectional study. SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; SFP: Spontaneous fungal peritonitis.