Proton pump inhibitors increase the severity of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients

Table 3 Linear regression models, grade of hepatic encephalopathy

Variables	Β ± SE	P value
Model 1, demographic variables
Age	-0.001 ± 0.001	0.871
Sex	0.062 ± 0.167	0.710
PPI use	0.607 ± 0.180	0.001b
Model 2, medical comorbidities
Age	0.002 ± 0.008	0.787
Sex	0.043 ± 0.166	0.797
MELD Score	0.020 ± 0.011	0.079
PPI Use	0.607 ± 0.179	< 0.001b
Model 3, other medications
Age	0.004 ± 0.008	0.647
Sex	0.033 ± 0.164	0.839
MELD Score	0.024 ± 0.011	0.041a
Lactulose	0.324 ± 0.189	0.089
PPI use	0.625 ± 0.178	< 0.001b

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01. B ± SE: beta ± standard error. MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.