Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis

Table 2 Relationship between patient characteristics and retained food in cirrhotics

	Retained food (n = 33)	No retained food (n = 331)	P value1
Age group			0.015
< 60 yr	12.6%	87.4%
≥ 60 yr	5.2%	94.8%
Sex			0.942
Male	9.3%	90.7%
Female	9.0%	91.0%
Diabetes Mellitus type I or II	13.2%	86.8%	0.066
Opioid use	21.7%	78.3%	0.004
Calcium channel blocker use	16.7%	83.3%	0.173
Child-Pugh class			0.007
A	6.4%	93.6%
B	10.3%	89.7%
C	24.1%	75.9%
Alcoholic cirrhosis	13.0%	87.0%	0.201
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with cirrhosis	4.3%	95.7%	0.406
Lower platelet count (continuous)			0.027
Portal hypertensive gastropathy	10.9%	89.1%	0.292
Gastric varices	5.6%	94.4%	0.758
Esophageal varices	11.0%	89.0%	0.084
Hepatic encephalopathy	13.6%	86.4%	0.118
Ascites	10.6%	89.4%	0.471
SBP	13.3%	86.7%	0.640
Presence of an upper gastrointestinal symptom	12.9%	87.1%	0.248

¹χ² test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and t-test/Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.