Treatment strategies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Sorafenib vs hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

Table 2 Serum and plasma biomarkers of sorafenib response and survival

Biomarkers	Ref.	Publishing year	Case number	Predictive factors for response	Predictive factors for survival	Others
VEGF	Llovet et al[25]	2012	299	No predictive value	Not prognostic value
	Miyahara et al[26]	2013	120	No predictive value	Not prognostic value
	Tsuchya et al[27]	2014	63	No predictive value	VEGF response (a > 5% decrease during 8 wk of treatment): Better OS
Ang-2	Llovet et al[25]	2012	299	No predictive value	Low Ang-2: Better OS
	Miyahara et al[26]	2013	120	High Ang2: PD	Low Ang-2: Better OS
Changes of AFP	Personeni et al[28]	2012	85	AFP response (a > 20% decrease during 8 wk of treatment): Better ORR, DCR	AFP response: Better OS
	Yau et al[29]	2011	94	AFP response (a > 20% decrease during 6 wk of treatment): Better DCR	AFP response: Better PFS
	Kuzuya et al[30]	2015	47	-	High AFP ratio (a > 1.2 at 2 wk relative to baseline): Poor OS	High poor prognostic score (the absence of disapperance of arterial tumor enhancement on CE-CT, AFP ratio of > 1.2, and two or more increments in CP score after 2 wk of Treatment): Poor OS and DCR
	Nakazawa et al[31]	2013	59	AFP increase (more than 20% from baseline during 4 wk of treatment): PD	AFP increase: Better OS and PFS
AFP	Llovet et al[25]	2012	299	-	AFP > 200 ng/mL: Poor OS
	Miyahara et al[26]	2013	120	-	Not prognostic value
	Kuzuya et al[30]	2015	47	-	Not prognostic value
NLR	Zheng et al[32]	2013	65	-	High NLR (> 4): Poor OS and TTP
	Howell et al[33]	2017	175	-	High NLR (> 2.52): Poor OS
TEMs	Shoji et al[34]	2017	25	High ΔTEMs (changes in TEMs before and at 1 mo after therapy): PD	High ΔTEMs (changes in TEMs before and at 1 mo after therapy): Poor OS
MicroRNA	Stiuso et al[35]	2015	39	Upregulation of miR-423-5p after treatment: SD or PR	-
	Yoon et al[36]	2017	24	-	Low miR-10b-3p: Poor OS
	Nishida et al[37]	2017	53	High miR-181a-5p: PR + SD	High miR-181a-5p: Better OS
CTCs	Li et al[38]	2016	59	pERK+/pAkt- CTCs: Better DCR	pERK+/pAkt- CTCs: Better DCR

Ang-2: Angiopoietin-2; CE-CT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; NLR: Neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CTC: Circulating tumor cells; TEMs: TIE-2-expression monocytes; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PD: Progressive disease; OS: Overall survival; DCR: Disease control rate; ORR: Overall response rate; PFS: Progression-free survival; CP: Child-Pugh; pERK: Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; PR: Partial response; SD: Stable disease; TTP: Time to progression.