Current state and clinical outcome in Turkish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of factors associated with overall survival (n = 545)

	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Patient related factors
Age	0.99	0.98-1.01	0.360
Gender	0.82	0.60-1.10	0.180
Etiology of liver disease
Hepatitis C	Reference	-	-	Reference	-	-
Hepatitis B	1.28	0.98-1.66	0.074	0.98	0.74-1.30	0.900
Other (non-viral)	1.41	1.002-1.99	0.049	1.12	0.78-1.60	0.540
Stage of liver disease
Normal or precirrhotic liver	Reference	-	-	Reference	-	-
Child-Pugh A	1.52	0.99-2.30	0.051	1.29	0.84-1.99	0.250
Child-Pugh B	3.16	2.04-4.88	< 0.001	1.81	1.13-2.89	0.013
Child-Pugh C	10.46	6.57-16.66	< 0.001	5.35	3.24-8.83	< 0.001
Tumor related factors
Total tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm	3.07	2.40-3.93	< 0.001	1.74	1.30-2.33	< 0.001
Multinodular or diffuse-infiltrative	2.02	1.61-2.53	< 0.001	1.23	0.95-1.59	0.120
Extrahepatic metastasis	2.53	1.63-3.93	< 0.001	2.17	1.37-3.45	0.001
Vascular invasion	3.48	2.42-5.01	< 0.001	2.74	1.84-4.06	< 0.001
AFP level > 200 ng/mL	2.59	2.07-3.23	< 0.001	2.19	1.72-2.80	< 0.001
Treatment modalities vs no treatment
Surgical treatments (OLT, hepatic resection)	0.07	0.04-0.13	< 0.001	0.12	0.06-0.24	< 0.001
TACE	0.24	0.19-0.31	< 0.001	0.38	0.28-0.51	< 0.001
Yttrium-90 adioembolization	0.37	0.19-0.72	0.003	0.36	0.18-0.74	0.005
RFA	0.12	0.04-0.38	< 0.001	0.18	0.05-0.57	0.004
Ethanol/acetic acid ablation	0.60	0.22-1.63	0.318	0.79	0.28-2.22	0.660
Sorafenib	0.51	0.25-1.04	0.063	0.52	0.25-1.10	0.088

AFP: Alfa-fetoprotein; OLT: Orthotopic liver transplantation; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.