Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

Table 2 Overall sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of imaging technique for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Study	Nunber of patients (n)	HCC patients/ HCC instances	Gold standard reference	Imaging technique	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	Ref.
Ward et al (2000)	145	25/76	Explant/	MR (SPIO)	66	NA	NA	[72]
			biopsy	MR (Double)	80	NA	93.5
Rode et al (2001)	43	18/13	Explant	SDCT	53.8	92.9	94.3	[58]
				MR (Gd)	76.9	57.1	42.3
Krinsky et al (2001)	71	10/19	Explant	MR (Gd)	53	NA	96.9	[69]
Krinsky et al (2002)	24	24/> 118	Explant	MR (Gd)	33	NA	NA	[70]
De Ledingen et al (2002)	34	21/54	Explant	MDCT	51.9	84.6 pts2	89.5	[55]
				MR (Gd)	61.1	1002	100
Libbrecht et al (2002)	49	17/77	Explant	MDCT	70 pts1	822	NA	[57]
				MR (Gd)	501	792	NA
Zacherl et al (2002)	23	23/50	Explant	MDCT	75	NA	64	[62]
Barthia et al (2003)	31	14/32	Explant	MR (Double)	78	NA	NA	[31]
Burrell et al (2003)	50	29/76	Explant	MDCT	61	NA	87	[3]
				MR (MRA)	76	NA	90
Teefey et al (2003)3	22	9/18	Explant	MDCT	57-67 pts1	69-752	NA	[60]
				MR (Gd)	50-561	63-812	NA
Battakiarjya et al (2004)	30	30/46	Explant	MDCT	67.4	78.9	NA	[53]
				IOCT	68	88.6	NA
Kim et al (2004)	27	27/50	Biopsy/clinical/radiological	MR (Gd)	91.3	NA	92.6	[68]
				MR (SPIO)	77.3	NA	NA
Valls et al (2004)	85	51/85	Explant	MDCT	78.8 pts	NA	88	[61]
Kim et al (2006)	46	31/53	Biopsy/clinical/radiological	MDCT	77.4-79.2	NA	95-97	[56]
				MR (Gd)	92.5-94.3	NA	92-96
Hecht et al (2006)	38	18/19	Explant	MR (Gd)	68.4	65.7	NA	[67]
Ronzoni et al (2007)	88	48/139	Explant	MDCT	64	NA	66.9	[59]
					73.3	NA	79
Lauenstein et al (2007)	115	27/36	Explant	MR (Gd)	77.8	NA	NA	[71]
Forner et al (2008)	89	60/60	Biopsy	MR (Gd)	61.7	96.6	NA	[42]
				CEUS	51.7	93.1	NA
Dai et al (2008)	498	NA/56	Biopsy/	MDCT	80.4	97.9	NA	[52]
			resection	CEUS	91.1	87.2	NA
Choi et al (2008)		47/41	Explant	MDCT	65	NA	NA	[54]
				MR (Gd)	83	NA	NA

¹Patient-based sensitivity;

²Patient-based specificity;

³Two observers; ⁴Three observers. CEUS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography; Gd: Gadolinium; HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma; IOCT: Ionized oil computed tomography; MDCT: Multi-detector computed tomography; MR: Magnetic resonance; MRA: Breath-old 3D gadolinium-enhanced angiography; MR (Double): Double-contrast MR with gadolinium and superparamagnetic iron oxide agents; NA: Not applicable; PPV: Positive predictive value; pts: patients; SDCT: Single-detector computed tomography; SPIO: Superparamagnetic iron oxide.